Howard Carter (โฮเวิร์ด คาร์เตอร์)

Howard Carter (9 May 1874 – 2 March 1939) was an English archaeologist and Egyptologist, noted as a primary discoverer of the tomb ofTutankhamun.

 Howard Carter was born in London, England, the son of Samuel Carter, a skilled artist, who trained him to follow in his footsteps, and Martha Joyce (Sands) Carter.

In 1891, at the age of 17, a talented young artist, he was sent out to by the Egypt Exploration Fund to assist Percy Newberry in the excavation and recording of Middle Kingdom tombs at Beni Hasan. Even at that young age he was innovative in improving the methods of copying tomb decoration. In 1892 he worked under the tutelage of Flinders Petrie for one season at Amarna, the capital founded by the pharaoh Akhenaten. From 1894 to 1899 he then worked with Édouard Naville at Deir el-Bahari, where he recorded the wall reliefs in the temple of Hatshepsut.

In 1899, Carter was appointed the first chief inspector of the Egyptian Antiquities Service (EAS). He supervised a number of excavations at Thebes (now known as Luxor) before he was transferred in 1904 to the Inspectorate of Lower Egypt. Carter resigned from the Antiquities Service in 1905 after an enquiry into an affray (known as the Saqqara Affair) between Egyptian site guards and a group of French tourists in which he sided with the Egyptian personnel.[1]

          After three hard years, Carter was employed by Lord Carnarvon to supervise his excavations from 1907.[2] The intention of Gaston Maspero, who introduced the two, was to ensure that Carter imposed modern archaeological methods and systems of recording.[3][4]
Carnarvon financed Carter's work in the Valley of the Kings from 1914, but it was interrupted byWorld War I until 1917, when serious work was resumed. After several years of fruitless searching, Carnarvon became dissatisfied with the lack of results and, in 1922, he gave Carter one more season of funding to find the tomb he was searching for.[5]
       On 4 November 1922, Carter's excavation group found the steps leading to Tutankhamun's tomb (subsequently designated KV62), by far the best preserved and most intact pharaonic tomb ever found in the Valley of the Kings. He wired Carnarvon to come, and on 26 November 1922, with Carnarvon, Carnarvon's daughter, and others in attendance, Carter made the "tiny breach in the top left hand corner" of the doorway, and was able to peer in by the light of a candle and see that many of the gold and ebony treasures were still in place. He made the breach into the tomb with a chisel his grandmother had given him for his seventeenth birthday. She knew he would one day make an amazing archaeological discovery. He did not yet know at that point whether it was "a tomb or merely a cache", but he did see a promising sealed doorway between two sentinel statues. When Carnarvon asked "can you see anything?", Carter replied with the famous words: "Yes, wonderful things.".[6]


     Carter's own notes and photographic evidence, indicate that he, Lord Carnarvon and Lady Evelyn Herbert entered the burial chamber shortly after the tomb's discovery and before the official opening.[8]The next several months were spent cataloging the contents of the antechamber under the 'often stressful' oversight of Pierre Lacau, director general of the Department of Antiquities of Egypt.[7] On 16 February 1923, Carter opened the sealed doorway, and found that it did indeed lead to a burial chamber, and he got his first glimpse of the sarcophagus of Tutankhamun. All of these discoveries were eagerly covered by the world's press, but most of their representatives were kept in their hotels; only H. V. Morton was allowed on the scene, and his vivid descriptions helped to cement Carter's reputation with the British public.








References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Carter



Howard Carter (โฮเวิร์ด คาร์เตอร์) 
นักโบราณคดีชาวอังกฤษ พร้อมคณะทำงาน และ ลอร์ด คาร์นาร์วอน(Lord Carnarvon) ผู้สนับสนุนทางการเงิน ขุดค้นพบบันไดทางเข้าสุสานของ ยุวกษัตริย์ตุตันคามุน Howard Carter คาร์เตอร์ใช้เวลาถึง 10 ปี ในการขุดค้นสุสานในหุบเขาแห่งราชานี้ และค้นพบห้องเก็บพระศพ โลงพระศพที่ทำด้วยทองคำบริสุทธิ์ แม้ตุตันคามุนจะไม่ใช่กษัตริย์องค์สำคัญ แต่สุสานของพระองค์มีเครื่องประกอบพิธีศพที่หาค่าไม่ได้ และมีสภาพสมบูรณ์ที่สุดเท่าที่เคยค้นพบมา การค้นพบในครั้งนี้นับเป็นการค้นพบทางโบราณคดีที่ยิ่งใหญ่ที่สุดครั้งหนึ่งในโลก